教師助理(Teacher assistants)又稱助教，主要是在教師或班主任的監(jiān)督下給學(xué)生額外的照顧和輔導(dǎo)。
工作內(nèi)容
教師助理職責(zé)要求
- 一對(duì)一的幫助學(xué)生批改作業(yè)；
- 加強(qiáng)學(xué)校和班級(jí)的秩序，幫助學(xué)生恪守行為準(zhǔn)則；
- 協(xié)助教師批改試卷；
- 協(xié)助教師準(zhǔn)備教材和課堂設(shè)備；
- 監(jiān)督學(xué)生。*(3)
助教的學(xué)歷要求不一，從高中畢業(yè)文憑到副學(xué)士學(xué)位文憑。針對(duì)來自貧窮階層的大群學(xué)生而言，要求助教具備至少2年的副學(xué)士學(xué)位文憑。
技能與品質(zhì)
- 溝通能力（Communication skills）
- 表達(dá)能力（Instructional skills）
- 耐力（Patience）
- 人際交往能力（People skills）*(4)
工作環(huán)境
助教行業(yè)一覽表
| Industry | Employment | Percent of industry employment | Annual mean wage | |
| Elementary and Secondary Schools | 938,210 | 11.32 | $25,550 | |
| Child Day Care Services | 托兒服務(wù) | 104,500 | 12.98 | $21,460 |
| Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools | 高等教育 | 29,890 | 1.03 | $29,700 |
| Junior Colleges | 專科院校 | 17,480 | 2.29 | $29,140 |
| Individual and Family Services | 個(gè)人與家庭服務(wù) | 16,420 | 1.26 | $23,980 |
| Other Schools and Instruction | 其他學(xué)校與教學(xué) | 15,150 | 4.28 | $25,130 |
| Offices of Physicians | 診所醫(yī)師 | 190 | 0.01 | $29,590 |
| Scientific Research and Development Services | 科研與開發(fā) | 500 | 0.08 | $29,320 |
| Specialty (except Psychiatric and Substance Abuse) Hospitals | 專科醫(yī)院（除精神病院） | 360 | 0.15 | $29,210 |
*(1)
根據(jù)美國(guó)勞工局2012年5月份公布的最新統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)表明，助教的工作行業(yè)主要是中小學(xué)教育、托兒服務(wù)、高等教育、專科院校、個(gè)人與家庭服務(wù)、其他學(xué)校等。
全美幾乎37%的助教工作是兼職。*(5)
根據(jù)美國(guó)勞工局2012年5月最新公布的數(shù)據(jù)表明，助教行業(yè)未來十年的發(fā)展幾乎與全行業(yè)發(fā)展水平相當(dāng)。主要原因是學(xué)生人數(shù)的增加，不管是公立學(xué)校還是私立學(xué)校。未來，招生仍會(huì)顯示擴(kuò)大趨勢(shì)。*(6)
就業(yè)展望與薪資
助教行業(yè)年薪
| 中小學(xué)教育 | $25,550 |
| 托兒服務(wù) | $21,460 |
| 高等教育 | $29,700 |
| 專科院校 | $29,140 |
| 個(gè)人與家庭服務(wù) | $23,980 |
| 其他學(xué)校與教學(xué) | $25,130 |
| 診所醫(yī)師 | $29,590 |
| 科研與開發(fā) | $29,320 |
| 專科醫(yī)院（除精神病院） | $29,210 |
*(1)
2015年
美國(guó)從業(yè)人數(shù)最多州（前五）：
| State | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
| California | 141,010 | 9.1 | 1.02 | - | $31,220 |
| New York | 123,900 | 13.79 | 1.55 | - | $27,710 |
| Texas | 80,040 | 6.92 | 0.78 | - | $22,140.00 |
| Illinois | 54,720 | 9.35 | 1.05 | - | $27,600 |
| New Jersey | 54,350 | 13.91 | 1.56 | - | $27,170 |
美國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)最集中州（前五）：
| State | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
| Vermont | 5,430 | 17.89 | 2.01 | - | $30,350 |
| Kansas | 19,650 | 14.33 | 1.61 | - | $23,680 |
| New Jersey | 54,350 | 13.91 | 1.56 | - | $27,170.00 |
| New York | 123,900 | 13.79 | 1.55 | - | $27,710 |
| New Hampshire | 8,600 | 13.54 | 1.52 | - | $28,810 |
美國(guó)從業(yè)人數(shù)最多都會(huì)區(qū)：
| Metropolitan area | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
| New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ Metropolitan Division | 82,970 | 12.81 | 1.44 | - | $28,550 |
| Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA Metropolitan Division | 37,180 | 9.06 | 1.02 | - | $30,990 |
| Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, IL Metropolitan Division | 31,550 | 8.83 | 0.99 | - | $29,230 |
| Nassau County-Suffolk County, NY Metropolitan Division | 21,470 | 16.82 | 1.89 | - | $29,390 |
| Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI | 19,080 | 10.15 | 1.14 | - | $32,040 |
| Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Division | 18,640 | 7.71 | 0.87 | - | $32,050 |
| Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA | 17,080 | 6.88 | 0.77 | - | $21,770 |
| Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX | 16,760 | 5.72 | 0.64 | - | $21,950 |
| Newark, NJ-PA Metropolitan Division | 15,870 | 13.76 | 1.54 | - | $27,530 |
| Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ | 14,580 | 7.77 | 0.87 | - | $25,090 |
美國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)業(yè)最集中都會(huì)區(qū)：
| Metropolitan area | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Hourly mean wage | Annual mean wage |
| Lynn-Saugus-Marblehead, MA NECTA Division | 1,010 | 23.44 | 2.63 | - | $32,330 |
| Vineland-Bridgeton, NJ | 1,240 | 20.9 | 2.35 | - | $22,110 |
| Yakima, WA | 1,760 | 20.71 | 2.32 | - | $29,910 |
| Albany, OR | 850 | 20.58 | 2.31 | - | $26,950 |
| Kingston, NY | 1,200 | 20.52 | 2.3 | - | $26,880 |
| Merced, CA | 1,270 | 19.83 | 2.23 | - | $32,420 |
| Watertown-Fort Drum, NY | 800 | 19.24 | 2.16 | - | $23,440 |
| Visalia-Porterville, CA | 2,660 | 18.87 | 2.12 | - | $25,270 |
| El Centro, CA | 1,010 | 18.45 | 2.07 | - | $27,300 |
| Waterbury, CT | 1,240 | 18.37 | 2.06 | - | $34,060 |
注：
(1) Location quotient ：產(chǎn)業(yè)集中指數(shù)，其數(shù)值是該州該產(chǎn)業(yè)的從業(yè)人數(shù)的比重與全美平均水準(zhǔn)的比值，大于1代表該州該職業(yè)每千人從業(yè)人數(shù)比例高于全美平均水平，反之，小于1則代表其低于全美平均水平。公式：（Employment per thousand jobs）/[Σ（Employment per thousand jobs）/50]
(2) 以上四表均是2015年5月美國(guó)勞工統(tǒng)計(jì)局公布的數(shù)據(jù)。
2012年
從業(yè)人數(shù)最多州
| State | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Annual mean wage |
| California | 134,840 | 9.43 | 1.04 | $29,490 |
| New York | 118,500 | 13.87 | 1.52 | $27,130 |
| Texas | 78,300 | 7.4 | 0.81 | $20,720 |
| New Jersey | 47,830 | 12.61 | 1.39 | $26,170 |
| Pennsylvania | 44,840 | 8.01 | 0.88 | $25,100 |
*(1)
產(chǎn)業(yè)集中州
| State | Employment | Employment per thousand jobs | Location quotient | Annual mean wage |
| Vermont | 5,860 | 19.93 | 2.19 | $27,100 |
| New York | 118,500 | 13.87 | 1.52 | $27,130 |
| New Hampshire | 8,410 | 13.73 | 1.51 | $27,810 |
| Maine | 7,900 | 13.6 | 1.49 | $30,160 |
| Kansas | 16,960 | 12.84 | 1.41 | $22,320 |
*(1)
注：Location quotient：產(chǎn)業(yè)集中指數(shù)，其數(shù)值是該州該產(chǎn)業(yè)的從業(yè)人數(shù)的比重與全美平均水準(zhǔn)的比值，大于1代表該州該職業(yè)每千人從業(yè)人數(shù)比例高于全美平均水平，反之，小于1則代表其低于全美平均水平。公式：（Employment per thousand jobs）/[Σ（Employment per thousand jobs）/50]
參考資料
(1) Teacher assistants U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
(2) Teacher assistants, Summary U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
(3) Teacher assistants, What They Do U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
(4) Teacher assistants, How to Become One U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
(5) Teacher assistants, Work Environment U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
(6) Teacher assistants, Job Outlook U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics